Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

Which of the following coverage usually covers partial loss or damage resulting from natural calamities？（）

The freight forwarders， on behalf of the consignee， would arrange customs clearance and pay duties， fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.

In marine voyage chartering， the following（）terms are normally appeared in the voyage charter party.

Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include （）。

Specific Commodity Rates means a rate applicable to carriage， of specifically designated commodity.

（） is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail.

Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.