翻譯：crude petroleum is not an equilibrium mixture, and on a geological time scale its composition is slowly changing. S.R.silverman found that heating at 121C for two weeks caused detectable changes, the low-molecular-weight components formed being isotopically lighter so far as the carbon was concerned, than the original.

翻譯：The primary limitations for gas lift operations are the lack of formation gas of an outside source of gas, wide well spacing, and available space for compressors on off-shore plat forms. Generally, gas lift is not applicable to single-well installations and widely spaced wells that are not suited for a centrally located power system.

翻譯：After the casing string is run, the next task is cementing the casing in place. An oil well cementing service company is usually called in for this job although, as when casing is run,the rig crew is available to lend assistance.

翻譯：The total quantity of petroleum now thought to exist on Earth is about 14 trillion gallons. In weight that is only one-ninth as much as the total existing quantity of coal and ,at the present moment, petroleum is being used up much more quickly. At the present rate of used, the worlds supply of petroleum may last for only thirty years or so.

翻譯：A third means of assessing the maturity of rocks is by the pyrolysis of a small amount of the source rock. The temperature is raised rapidly and the material vaporized or formed by thermal breakdown of the kerogen is passed through a detector which records, on a temperature base, peaks representing these two bursts of volatile material. To a first approximation the peak at the lower temperature represents oil already generated; the peak at the higher temperature indicates oil capable of being generated at adequate maturity.

翻譯：THE OPEC oil cartel is about to turn 40, and the mood in the run-up to the grand heads-of-state party in Venezuela in less than three weeks time is jubilant. Not quite two years ago,oil was $10 a barrel and the cartel was on the brink of collapse. Now the oil price is well above $30 a barrel, and it shows little sign of coming down.

翻譯：Practically every rig uses internal-combustion engines as its prime power source, or its prime mover.

翻譯：A portion of the sample is used to determine the gravity of the oil expressed in AIP unit the lighter the oil, the higher the API gravity .In most cases the price paid for the coude is determined in prat by the API gravity, hence ,the importance of careful gravity determination in each instance.

翻譯：This chapter deals with the fundamental properties of reservoir rocks. The properties discussed are (1) porosity - a measure of the void space in a rock; (2) Permeability - a measure of the fluid transmissivity of a rock; and (3) fluid saturation - a measure of the gross void space occupied by a fluid. These properties constitute a set of fundamental parameters by which the rock may be described quantitatively.

翻譯：It has been suggested that an effective oil source rock generates 10-40 bbl or oil per acre ft (0.0013-0.0052 cc/cc) for each one per cent of organic carbon. This is approximately 500-2000 ppm by weight.